The lumbar vertebrae are the largest movable bones of the backbone. Their large size and bone strength is necessary because these vertebrae support more weight than the upper two segments of the ...

Your body runs on an intricate communication network. The nervous system acts as the command center, sending messages throughout your body to keep everything running smoothly—including your hormones.

Daily habits shape spinal health more than most people realize. Small choices made each day influence posture, mobility, and ...

Chronic pain affects 1 in 5 adults in developed countries. Most of them never find the source. The source is often spinal ...

Researchers compared modern and ancient animals to explore how mammalian vertebrae have evolved into sophisticated physical structures that can carry out multiple functions. The comparison between ...

The following text summarizes information provided in the video. Health care visits related to symptoms or concerns regarding the neck are common. Although musculoskeletal neck pain is usually ...

A bruised spine, or spinal contusion, can be a serious injury that may cause disability. It can occur due to trauma damaging the tissue of the spine, resulting in bleeding, inflammation, and pain. The ...

Rheumatoid arthritis often involves your wrists, knees, and feet. But it can also affect your spine. Most of the time, this kind of back pain responds well to arthritis treatments such as biologics.

The 12 vertebrae of the thoracic spine represent the central portion of the spinal column, the bony tower that provides postural support for standing and sitting and also houses the spinal cord. The ...