Scandate cathodes represent an advanced class of thermionic electron emitters in which trace quantities of scandium oxide are incorporated into a porous tungsten matrix alongside traditional barium ...

A Spanish-Italian research group has developed a solid-state thermal-to-electric energy converter based on hybrid thermionic-photovoltaics (TIPV) for different applications. It consists of a ...

Ubiquitous in the field of electric propulsion, thermionic hollow cathodes are electron sources which utilize thermionic emission from a low work function insert material to achieve large extracted ...