Reformers in the Republican Party, which dominated national politics in the 1860s and 1870s, had been calling for a ...

The Civil War brought tensions over slavery to ... Amidst all of this, James Garfield was elected president, bringing hope to Americans of all backgrounds across the nation.

The brief experiment with a department of education was born in 1867 and enacted by Southern Democrat President Andrew ...

Hayes declined to run again, so the Republicans turned to James Garfield, who was attractive ... which put him in direct opposition to civil service reform, one of Garfield’s major goals. Shortly ...

Now they wanted only to heal the scars left by the war, even if it meant abandoning former slaves to the mercy of their former masters. Garfield was determined to turn back that tide. James ...